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Samuel Ajayi Crowther: A story of how a Yoruba slave became free

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Samuel Ajayi Crowther

Samuel Ajayi Crowther

The story of Samuel Ajayi Crowther

Since its formation in 1532 under the guide of King Henry VIII, the Anglican Church has been a prominent part of English society, having been involved and working closely with our government on various laws since the beginning as we are not a secularist society like France or America.

It may surprise you then that out of the 97 archbishops there have been, the first black archbishop in the Anglican Church was ordained in 2005 with the last Archbishop of York, John Sentamu.

But the Anglican church has not always been so closed minded, as the first ever ordained Bishop and the last black bishop to get close to the illustrious position of Archbishop was Bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther in 1864.

Born in today’s Oyo State, Nigeria. Ajayi was a Yoruba man who also identified with the Creole ethic group from Sierra Leone. Yet Nigeria was a ripe picking spot for slavers in the early 1800’s and at the age of 12, Ajayi and his family along with his village. Once captured by the Muslim Fulani slave raiders, he was soon sold off to Portuguese slave traders later in the year 1821.

However, before Ajayi would become another statistic, the British Royal Navy boarded the slave ship and was taken to Freetown, Serria Leone where he was released.

His time in Sierra Leone lead Ajayi towards the Anglican church where he was cared for by missionaries and taught English, two things which helped him to convert to Christianity and during his rebirth by baptism he changed his name in homage to a vicar Samuel Crowther. It is speculated that his choice of name was to reflect and acknowledge the work of Samuel Crowther, a pioneer for the Church Mission Society (C.M.S)- the very same people who looked after him after his release as well as his work in England where he was the Vicar of Christ Church in Newgate, London.

A year after his baptism, Ajayi’s interest in languages compelled him to move to England where he began to attend the school in St Mary’s Church, Islington, London. In the following year of 1827, he returned to Freetown and became the first student of the new school ‘Fourah Bay College’, an Anglican missionary school where he studied Latin, Greek and Temne- the language used by the largest ethnic group (The Temne) in Serria Leone at the time. After his studies, Ajayi began teaching at the school.

Sometime between the years 1828 and 1841, Ajayi married a schoolmistress who was also rescued from the same Portuguese slave traders who were going to sell him. Their similarities didn’t end there. Asano, Ajayi’s wife was also brought to Serra Leone and was looked after by the Church mission which helped her to convert, changing her name to Susan. Now a married couple, his family grew with each of them having their own impact on African History.

One of his sons, Dandeson Coates Crowther became archdeacon of the Niger Delta. His son-in-law, Thomas Babington Macaulay was, at the time- a highly respected writer who not only supported interracial unions, but also sought to teach the English language in India. Sadly, however his marriage was later annulled by British law- meaning that in many of his biographical works, he is considered as having never been married. Their son and Ajayi’s grandson, Herbert Macaulay however would later grow up to be one the first Nigerian nationalists and played important roles in ending British colonial rule in Nigeria.

Ajayi’s work in Nigeria did not stop at being a teacher. Later becoming a close friend with Captain James Pinson Labulo Davies who was an influential politician, mariner, philanthropist and industrialist in the colonised Lagos, Crowther and Davies opened ‘The Academy’. The Academy was one of many social initiates Crowther became involved in which focused on social interaction as well as being a centre of ‘public enlightenment’, a scheme devised under colonial rule to teach Nigerians in Lagos about British life.

In 1841, Crowther was selected to join a missionary expedition to Niger by James Fredrick Schon. The aim of the mission was to spread commerce from the colonised Nigeria into Niger as well as teach agricultural techniques, spread Christianity and help bring an end to the slave trade in the area.

The success of the mission was universally praised by the Anglican Church, where Schon wrote to the C.M.S commending Crowther’s usefulness and ability and even recommending they prepare him for a more formal role in the church. Soon after the expedition was complete, Crowther was recalled to England where he was soon trained as a minister and ordained as Bishop of London.
By 1843, Crowther returned to Nigeria where he opened his own ministry alongside Henry Townsend in todays Ogun state, Nigeria and began translating the Bible into the Yoruba langauge. These were not his only projects however as he was also compiling the Yoruba dictionary.

In 1843, a grammar book which he started working on during the Niger expedition of 1841 was published which was soon followed by a Yoruba version of the Anglican book of Common Prayer. Having completed the dictionary, he also began work on compiling a vocabulary book of the Yoruba language which also featured a number of local proverbs which he eventually published in London, in 1852 which prompted him to begin coding other languages too in his free time.

Another expedition to Niger in 1854 and yet another in 1857 delayed Crowther yet he still published a primer for the Igbo language in 1857, a third for the Nube in 1860 and a full vocabulary language book of Nupe in 1864.

Later that year, Crowther was ordained the first African Bishop of the Anglican chuch and was concecrated on St Peters day 1864 by Charles Longley, the archbishop of Canterbury at Canterbury cathedral. By the end of the year, sometime between June and December, Crowther was given a Doctorate of Divinity by the university of Oxford.

Eventually completing the Yoruba bible in the mid 1880’s. Samuel Ajayi Crowther had established himself as not only a prominent feature in East Africa, but also a respectable figure in both the Anglican church and the wider academic community with his work in linguistics before his death in 1891.

Source: Celebrating the Life and Legacies of Bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther (the first African Anglican Bishop 1809 a 31st December 1891)

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Culture

Netherlands Returns Historic Benin Artefact to Oba Ewuare II

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Netherlands returns Benin artefact to Oba Ewuare II as the restitution of African cultural treasures gains momentum during his 10th coronation anniversary

The Kingdom of the Netherlands has returned a centuries-old Benin artefact to the Oba of Benin, Oba Ewuare II, in Benin City, Edo State, as part of activities marking the monarch’s 10th coronation anniversary on October 21, 2026, in a move that adds momentum to international efforts to restore African cultural heritage to its place of origin.

Also read: Detty December Fest Adds DJ Tunez, Tungba Christmas

The artefact, which had been held in the collection of Museum de Fundatie in the Netherlands since 1937, was presented to the monarch by the museum’s executive director, Beatrice von Bormann, in the presence of Portugal’s Ambassador to Nigeria, Paulo Martins Santos.

The handover highlights renewed efforts by museums and governments to address the history of African cultural objects held in foreign collections and reconnect communities with artefacts of historical, cultural and spiritual significance.

Speaking during the presentation, von Bormann said investigations had traced the artefact’s origins to the 18th century.

She expressed satisfaction at its return to the Benin Kingdom, noting that the object had travelled across different parts of the world before reaching its place of origin.

She also explained that the artefact carried spiritual symbolism associated with reincarnation and Olokun, the Benin deity linked to the sea and wealth.

The return comes amid a broader international campaign to secure the restitution of African cultural treasures taken during colonial encounters.

The Benin Kingdom has been at the centre of these efforts, with historical objects from the former Benin Kingdom dispersed among museums and private collections across several countries.

Receiving the artefact, Oba Ewuare II reflected on the longstanding historical relationship between the Benin Kingdom and Portugal, recalling contacts between the two societies dating back to the 15th century.

The monarch said early encounters included efforts to introduce Catholicism into the kingdom but stressed that the Benin people had maintained their traditional religious beliefs and spiritual practices.

“We have a very unique link with the Portuguese. When I was told that the Portuguese Ambassador was around, it was like telepathy, because I had been thinking already about Portugal,” Oba Ewuare II said.

The monarch also expressed surprise at learning that the Vatican recognised African traditional religions, describing the development as significant to wider discussions about the recognition of indigenous African spirituality.

The presentation added historical and cultural significance to the celebrations marking Oba Ewuare II’s 10th coronation anniversary, while drawing attention to the role of restitution in preserving the identity and heritage of the Benin Kingdom.

The return of the artefact also reinforces calls for continued cooperation between African institutions and international museums to establish the origins of disputed objects and facilitate their return where appropriate.

Also read: Detty December Fest Adds DJ Tunez, Tungba Christmas

For the Benin Kingdom, the recovery represents more than the return of an old object. It offers an opportunity to preserve historical knowledge, sustain cultural traditions and pass an important part of the kingdom’s heritage to future generations.

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History

13 fascinating facts about Olumo Rock

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Olumo Rock, is not only significant to the historical legacy of the Egba people, it is also a tourism icon of inestimable proportion for Ogun state. Just like the name “Olumo” meaning “Planted by God Almighty,” this monumental tourist and historical site holds fascinating history that should never be forgotten.

 

You should never forget these 13 facts about Olumo Rock.

 

1. It is about 137 meters high and 1938 meters above sea level.

2. The name “Olumo” is a combination of two words; “Olu” (god/deity) and “mo” (moulded).

3. A famous hunter named “Adagba” discovered Olumo Rock.

4. It served as a hiding place during war, and for indigenes to clearly view the enemy’s advancement.

5. It was not just a shelter it also served as a tower of strength to the Egbas in protecting their territory.

6. Olumo Rock is very symbolic to the people of Egba because it represents nationalism, unity and freedom.

7. Egba warriors regarded Olumo Rock as a protection shrine and a place where sacrifices are made to its deity.

8. A woman called “Iya Orisa Olumo” lived her entire life under the famous rock. She was in charge of sacrifices made in the shrine to appeal to the gods of the rock.

9. The ruler of Egba, “Alake of Egbaland”, prays and offers sacrifices at the shrine on behalf of the people.

10. The rock houses a mystery tree which had been in existence for over 200 years. The tree is known to always flourish throughout the seasons.

11. Olumo Rock officially became a tourist site in 1976.

12. Olumo Rock is a natural edifice; pride of the people of Abeokuta and Nigeria at large.

13. Olumo Rock is located in Abeokuta, Ogun state.

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History

36 states Naija destinations – Part 4

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All encompassing, both in cultural dynamism, ethnicities, value, landscapes, natural resources and captivating scenic views all over the country, Nigeria is the true definition of a tourism attraction destination that gives you a run for your trip money!

Bauchi State – As the ‘Pear of Tourism’, Bauchi state is endowed with three wildlife parks and the most popular of them being the Yankari National Park, a large wildlife park which is home to a series of wildlife in their natural habitat. The glory of the scenic wildlife park radiates through its natural warm water springs, and varieties of flora and fauna. The tourism attraction is located about 110km along Bauch-Gombe road in the south-central part of the state covering 2,244 square kilometers. This location is in the heartland of the West Africa Savanna hereby making it the most popular destination for tourists who visit Nigeria. If you’re yet to take the trip, now is the time!

Akwa Ibom State – The “Land of Promise” glows with its captivating ‘Aqua Obio River’, although wrongly spelt and pronounced as the ‘Qua Iboe River’ by the early Europeans who came to Nigeria, regardless, this enchanting scenic view located in Ibeno Local Government Area of the state stands tall as one of Akwa Ibom State’s hydrographic features bringing all and sundry to experience the beauty of nature. The magnificent river rises near Umuahia in Abia State Nigeria and flows in the southeastern direction through Akwa Ibom state to the Atlantic Ocean.

Adamawa State – The ‘Land of Beauty’ as it is popularly called is characterised by all round inherent aesthetics. From the scenic mountain and land traversed by the massive river valleys of Benue, Gongola and Yadsarem with the valleys of Cameroon, Mandara and Adamawa Mountains, as well as tropical dry and rainy season climate, Adamawa State is indeed the land of beauty, one that everyone should have the pleasure of beholding in this lifetime.

Edo State – The ‘Heartbeat of the Nation’ gets its global attraction from a number of natural attractions within the state, however, The Okomu National Park also known as the ‘Okomu Wildlife Sanctuary’ located in the Ovia South-West Local Government Area of Edo State is one of the most beautiful natural rainforest ecosystem in the world. Take a trip to Edo State and see how Okomu National Park conserves the biodiversity of the region.

Bayelsa State – The ‘Glory of All Lands’ ‘Lake Efi’, a huge natural lake located between the Taylor Creek and Kalama compound in Sabagreia at Kolokuma/Opokuma Local Government Area of Bayelsa State makes both local and international tourists book Bayelsa State as a first destination especially during the fishing festival. The lake is seated on about 2 km square area and surrounded by a forest.

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