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    Samuel Ajayi Crowther: A story of how a Yoruba slave became free

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    Samuel Ajayi Crowther

    Samuel Ajayi Crowther

    The story of Samuel Ajayi Crowther

    Since its formation in 1532 under the guide of King Henry VIII, the Anglican Church has been a prominent part of English society, having been involved and working closely with our government on various laws since the beginning as we are not a secularist society like France or America.

    It may surprise you then that out of the 97 archbishops there have been, the first black archbishop in the Anglican Church was ordained in 2005 with the last Archbishop of York, John Sentamu.

    But the Anglican church has not always been so closed minded, as the first ever ordained Bishop and the last black bishop to get close to the illustrious position of Archbishop was Bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther in 1864.

    Born in today’s Oyo State, Nigeria. Ajayi was a Yoruba man who also identified with the Creole ethic group from Sierra Leone. Yet Nigeria was a ripe picking spot for slavers in the early 1800’s and at the age of 12, Ajayi and his family along with his village. Once captured by the Muslim Fulani slave raiders, he was soon sold off to Portuguese slave traders later in the year 1821.

    However, before Ajayi would become another statistic, the British Royal Navy boarded the slave ship and was taken to Freetown, Serria Leone where he was released.

    His time in Sierra Leone lead Ajayi towards the Anglican church where he was cared for by missionaries and taught English, two things which helped him to convert to Christianity and during his rebirth by baptism he changed his name in homage to a vicar Samuel Crowther. It is speculated that his choice of name was to reflect and acknowledge the work of Samuel Crowther, a pioneer for the Church Mission Society (C.M.S)- the very same people who looked after him after his release as well as his work in England where he was the Vicar of Christ Church in Newgate, London.

    A year after his baptism, Ajayi’s interest in languages compelled him to move to England where he began to attend the school in St Mary’s Church, Islington, London. In the following year of 1827, he returned to Freetown and became the first student of the new school ‘Fourah Bay College’, an Anglican missionary school where he studied Latin, Greek and Temne- the language used by the largest ethnic group (The Temne) in Serria Leone at the time. After his studies, Ajayi began teaching at the school.

    Sometime between the years 1828 and 1841, Ajayi married a schoolmistress who was also rescued from the same Portuguese slave traders who were going to sell him. Their similarities didn’t end there. Asano, Ajayi’s wife was also brought to Serra Leone and was looked after by the Church mission which helped her to convert, changing her name to Susan. Now a married couple, his family grew with each of them having their own impact on African History.

    One of his sons, Dandeson Coates Crowther became archdeacon of the Niger Delta. His son-in-law, Thomas Babington Macaulay was, at the time- a highly respected writer who not only supported interracial unions, but also sought to teach the English language in India. Sadly, however his marriage was later annulled by British law- meaning that in many of his biographical works, he is considered as having never been married. Their son and Ajayi’s grandson, Herbert Macaulay however would later grow up to be one the first Nigerian nationalists and played important roles in ending British colonial rule in Nigeria.

    Ajayi’s work in Nigeria did not stop at being a teacher. Later becoming a close friend with Captain James Pinson Labulo Davies who was an influential politician, mariner, philanthropist and industrialist in the colonised Lagos, Crowther and Davies opened ‘The Academy’. The Academy was one of many social initiates Crowther became involved in which focused on social interaction as well as being a centre of ‘public enlightenment’, a scheme devised under colonial rule to teach Nigerians in Lagos about British life.

    In 1841, Crowther was selected to join a missionary expedition to Niger by James Fredrick Schon. The aim of the mission was to spread commerce from the colonised Nigeria into Niger as well as teach agricultural techniques, spread Christianity and help bring an end to the slave trade in the area.

    The success of the mission was universally praised by the Anglican Church, where Schon wrote to the C.M.S commending Crowther’s usefulness and ability and even recommending they prepare him for a more formal role in the church. Soon after the expedition was complete, Crowther was recalled to England where he was soon trained as a minister and ordained as Bishop of London.
    By 1843, Crowther returned to Nigeria where he opened his own ministry alongside Henry Townsend in todays Ogun state, Nigeria and began translating the Bible into the Yoruba langauge. These were not his only projects however as he was also compiling the Yoruba dictionary.

    In 1843, a grammar book which he started working on during the Niger expedition of 1841 was published which was soon followed by a Yoruba version of the Anglican book of Common Prayer. Having completed the dictionary, he also began work on compiling a vocabulary book of the Yoruba language which also featured a number of local proverbs which he eventually published in London, in 1852 which prompted him to begin coding other languages too in his free time.

    Another expedition to Niger in 1854 and yet another in 1857 delayed Crowther yet he still published a primer for the Igbo language in 1857, a third for the Nube in 1860 and a full vocabulary language book of Nupe in 1864.

    Later that year, Crowther was ordained the first African Bishop of the Anglican chuch and was concecrated on St Peters day 1864 by Charles Longley, the archbishop of Canterbury at Canterbury cathedral. By the end of the year, sometime between June and December, Crowther was given a Doctorate of Divinity by the university of Oxford.

    Eventually completing the Yoruba bible in the mid 1880’s. Samuel Ajayi Crowther had established himself as not only a prominent feature in East Africa, but also a respectable figure in both the Anglican church and the wider academic community with his work in linguistics before his death in 1891.

    Source: Celebrating the Life and Legacies of Bishop Samuel Ajayi Crowther (the first African Anglican Bishop 1809 a 31st December 1891)

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    13 fascinating facts about Olumo Rock

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    Olumo Rock, is not only significant to the historical legacy of the Egba people, it is also a tourism icon of inestimable proportion for Ogun state. Just like the name “Olumo” meaning “Planted by God Almighty,” this monumental tourist and historical site holds fascinating history that should never be forgotten.

     

    You should never forget these 13 facts about Olumo Rock.

     

    1. It is about 137 meters high and 1938 meters above sea level.

    2. The name “Olumo” is a combination of two words; “Olu” (god/deity) and “mo” (moulded).

    3. A famous hunter named “Adagba” discovered Olumo Rock.

    4. It served as a hiding place during war, and for indigenes to clearly view the enemy’s advancement.

    5. It was not just a shelter it also served as a tower of strength to the Egbas in protecting their territory.

    6. Olumo Rock is very symbolic to the people of Egba because it represents nationalism, unity and freedom.

    7. Egba warriors regarded Olumo Rock as a protection shrine and a place where sacrifices are made to its deity.

    8. A woman called “Iya Orisa Olumo” lived her entire life under the famous rock. She was in charge of sacrifices made in the shrine to appeal to the gods of the rock.

    9. The ruler of Egba, “Alake of Egbaland”, prays and offers sacrifices at the shrine on behalf of the people.

    10. The rock houses a mystery tree which had been in existence for over 200 years. The tree is known to always flourish throughout the seasons.

    11. Olumo Rock officially became a tourist site in 1976.

    12. Olumo Rock is a natural edifice; pride of the people of Abeokuta and Nigeria at large.

    13. Olumo Rock is located in Abeokuta, Ogun state.

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    36 states Naija destinations – Part 4

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    All encompassing, both in cultural dynamism, ethnicities, value, landscapes, natural resources and captivating scenic views all over the country, Nigeria is the true definition of a tourism attraction destination that gives you a run for your trip money!

    Bauchi State – As the ‘Pear of Tourism’, Bauchi state is endowed with three wildlife parks and the most popular of them being the Yankari National Park, a large wildlife park which is home to a series of wildlife in their natural habitat. The glory of the scenic wildlife park radiates through its natural warm water springs, and varieties of flora and fauna. The tourism attraction is located about 110km along Bauch-Gombe road in the south-central part of the state covering 2,244 square kilometers. This location is in the heartland of the West Africa Savanna hereby making it the most popular destination for tourists who visit Nigeria. If you’re yet to take the trip, now is the time!

    Akwa Ibom State – The “Land of Promise” glows with its captivating ‘Aqua Obio River’, although wrongly spelt and pronounced as the ‘Qua Iboe River’ by the early Europeans who came to Nigeria, regardless, this enchanting scenic view located in Ibeno Local Government Area of the state stands tall as one of Akwa Ibom State’s hydrographic features bringing all and sundry to experience the beauty of nature. The magnificent river rises near Umuahia in Abia State Nigeria and flows in the southeastern direction through Akwa Ibom state to the Atlantic Ocean.

    Adamawa State – The ‘Land of Beauty’ as it is popularly called is characterised by all round inherent aesthetics. From the scenic mountain and land traversed by the massive river valleys of Benue, Gongola and Yadsarem with the valleys of Cameroon, Mandara and Adamawa Mountains, as well as tropical dry and rainy season climate, Adamawa State is indeed the land of beauty, one that everyone should have the pleasure of beholding in this lifetime.

    Edo State – The ‘Heartbeat of the Nation’ gets its global attraction from a number of natural attractions within the state, however, The Okomu National Park also known as the ‘Okomu Wildlife Sanctuary’ located in the Ovia South-West Local Government Area of Edo State is one of the most beautiful natural rainforest ecosystem in the world. Take a trip to Edo State and see how Okomu National Park conserves the biodiversity of the region.

    Bayelsa State – The ‘Glory of All Lands’ ‘Lake Efi’, a huge natural lake located between the Taylor Creek and Kalama compound in Sabagreia at Kolokuma/Opokuma Local Government Area of Bayelsa State makes both local and international tourists book Bayelsa State as a first destination especially during the fishing festival. The lake is seated on about 2 km square area and surrounded by a forest.

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    Ile-Ife history deeper than what’s available in academic institutions — Ooni

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    The Ooni of Ife, Oba Adeyeye Ogunwusi, has said that the history of the ancient city of Ile-Ife is deeper than what is available in academic institutions.

    Ooni disclosed this on Saturday during a press conference on the theme, “International Conference on Ile-Ife and Yoruba Civilisation: The Nexus between Tradition and Modernity,” held at his palace in Ile-Ife, Osun State.

    He lauded the organisers of the event saying that it would pave the way for proper documentation of Ile-Ife history.

    “As the 51st Ooni of Ife, in the third dynasty of Ife, I noted that there are so many facts that were not written down about the nexus of tradition and modality.

    “Our oral tradition has not been adequately written down, so many facts and figures were distorted from the original history of Kaaro-o-o-jiire.

    “For me to build the legacy for the entire Kaaro-o-o-jiire race, that is known as Yoruba people, we are discovering every day that our history is deeper than what we have in various academic institutions,” Ooni said.

    He commended the team led by a Lecturer at the Department of History, International Studies, Osun State University, Prof. Siyan Oyefeso, as very passionate and fantastic people working together to put history in the right perspective.

    The royal father revealed that Ghanians had traced their lineage to Aga-Ako in Ile-Ife and that Ethiopians are sons and daughters of Oranmiyan in Okerewe, Eredumi ruling house in Ife to date.

    “Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania categorically told me when I traveled to their countries that they migrated from Ile-Ife and they are sons and daughters of the source, while all these cannot be found in any archive.

    “We are leading the team globally, nobody has documented the three dynasties, only the last dynasty, Ife Akanlubebe, which I’m the 51st Ooni, was documented to a large extent.

    “But the two, Ife Oodaye and Ife Ooyelagbo, some professors talked briefly on them, but during this international conference, the duo will be deeply rooted.

    “Their rulers, supernatural beings that form these dynasties like the Luwos, the Agbaakos., the Oromos, Oranmiyans, all over the continents of Africans, the Bantoos, the Baribas will be dealt with,” Ooni added.

    Oba Ogunwusi tasked the indigenes to support the conveners of the conference in order to properly document the history of their race.

    “If we fail to do it this time around, nobody will do it for us. We cannot be waiting for any Western country to continue with wrong documentation,” he said.

    Earlier, Oyefeso had said the conference is an international academic gathering that needs the royal blessing of Ooni.

    Oyefeso said that apart from the royal blessing, the conference would deepen the body of literature on Ile-Ife and Yoruba civilisation.

    He stated that facts would be established that Ile-Ife is not just the cradle of the Yoruba race, but a place where Yoruba identity was formed.

    “Right from the Oduduwa revolution to the three phases of Ile-Ife history, Ife Oodaye, Ife Oyelagbo and Ife Akanlubebe, have not been put in the right perspective.

    “We want to ensure that Nigerians are aware that before the 51st dynasty, there had been three phases and it’s the third phase that his royal majesty is now the 51st Ooni of Ife.

    “So when people talk about the history of Ile-Ife, they talk about it in generic terms, we want to draw that distinction,” the convener said.

    “The main purpose of the conference is to invite a body of scholars at the international, national, state and local levels to reexamine the existing literature.

    “And to come out with a new original and unsearched evidence which might have been unresearched. A number of experts in Yoruba history, and archeology would be part of the conference.

    “Eminent scholars overseas and in Nigeria that would partake in the conference are Prof. Cordelia Osasona, Professor of Architecture, OAU; Prof. Oyeronke Olademo, Professor of Comparative Religious Studies of the Unilorin.

    “Others include Prof. Akin Ogundiran, Professor of Africana Studies, Anthropology & History of Northwestern University, United States of America and the 18th President of the Society of Africanist Archaeologists among others.

    “In less than eight years of Oba Ogunwusi on the throne, there are a lot of changes in the architectural and infrastructural landscape in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife within the 60 years of establishment.

    “Ile-Ife is now the home of tourism and hospitality, it is a great destination of today, Ooni is a proprietor of Ojaja University, Eyenkorin, Ilorin, Kwara.

    “He established the hospitality industry in the leading city of Nigeria today like Ife Grand Resort, Ojaja Arena, Ojaja Cinema, Adire Odua hub, Ojaja More in Ife, Ede, Ibadan, Akure, Lagos among other cities,” Oyefeso expressed.

    The historian said that Oba Ogunwusi had impacted greatly on Yoruba history and culture, encouraging archeologists and historians to partner by coming together to deepen their understanding, not just of the history of Ile-Ife but of the entire Yoruba race.

    He said that the academic conference would be held between Oct. 10 and Oct. 12 at Ojaja Arena, Ife Grand Resort, Km 4, Ife-Ibadan Expressway, Ile-Ife.

    “The Ooni has positioned Ile-Ife as a leading light in the making of modern Nigeria, embarked on several local and foreign trips to tie the loose ends and reestablish the cultural significance of the Yoruba race.

    “Ooni is passionate about the preservation and restoration of the ancient city of Ile-Ife, since ascension to the throne,” he said.

    The News Agency of Nigeria {NAN} reports that the conference would basically be on documenting the history of Ile-Ife in terms of culture, archeology, history, tourism, hospitality and international networking.

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