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Nigerian culture and tourism: The route to shared and sustainable growth, By Shoks Mnisi Mzolo

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With captains of Nigeria’s tourism industry preparing for the 2024 edition of Meetings Africa, a look at the rearview mirror is instructive. Much remains undone, not least the return of artifacts looted by Europe to the country.

A dozen heritage sites from Kwiambana (Ningi) to Benin Iya/Sungbo’s Eredo, have stuck on UNESCO’s tentative list for years. Now that Team Tinubu is in charge, here is a question: How far is government in completing these tasks and bolstering tourism? We shouldn’t forget the vexing matter of security.

For its part, the tourism sector witnessed the battle of the egos at play at WTM London. But, like firefighters, unfazed by palace tantrums, members of the National Association of Nigeria Travel Agencies and West Africa Tourism Organisation and other exhibitors from the region ensured that the nation participated at the 2023 WTM – an event of 44,000 attendees, including 50 government ministers.

The event generated £2.8 billion (₦3.4 trillion) in contracts. For context, Nigeria’s tourism industry generates ₦7.2 trillion per year. Hosted by London’s River Thames, “the world’s most influential travel & tourism event” has, curiously, overrepresentation of Global North speakers. Why?

With WTM done and dusted, the next big thing is Meetings Africa in Johannesburg’s Sandton from 26th-28th February. It calls itself the continent’s “premier trade show” in its category. Among its attendees will be Nigerian industry bosses and their colleagues from the host nation. Add to the list a phalanx of global players and participants from Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Uganda, Zambia and 20-plus other African nations. Intra-continental trade is set for a bounce.

Closer home, although Nigeria did not have a tourism minister until six months ago, it managed in 2022 to host the UN World Tourism Organisation’s first Global Conference on Linking Tourism, Culture and Creative Industries. That gathering was cited by the presidency among the highlights of President Muhammadu Buhari’s tenure. Tourism-culture mutualism comes alive in filmmaking, for one. Shemu Joyah, from the Malawian film industry, recalls how Out of Africa spurred tourist traffic in the 1980s.

“That film showcased Africa’s beauty. For years it attracted many filmmakers, they came to Kenya in numbers. Some of them built partnerships, others brought in equipment, others groomed young talent,” he told the author during last year’s Durban International Film Festival. Joyah’s film career began when he and his comrades looked to Nollywood for tips. Fifteen years later, Joyah is an accomplished scriptwriter with projects like Seasons of a Life and who has unearthed Malawi’s talents. Credit for these is due to

Now that the Ministry of Tourism and that of Art, Culture and the Creative Economy – under the baton of Hannatu Musawa – complete the picture, what’s to stop the nation from hosting even more global meetings this year? The UNWTO’s 2024 calendar of gatherings is packed. Think gastronomy tourism and sports tourism, notably the Football Tourism Forum. The UNWTO and other advocates of inclusivity must take a fair amount of their events to Global South hosts like Lagos, Abuja and many other sites on the continent and beyond.

Added to many other strengths, West Africa is a creative hub. The dividend of big events is eclectic: the transfer of skills, youth training and infrastructure development. Like good films and books, global gatherings generate PR mileage for host nations, and sustain and create jobs: caterers, drivers, hotel porters, technicians, translators, entertainers. Such events also boost national GDPs.

WTM and Meetings Africa are examples. The latter’s 2023 edition, which gathered 3,000 delegates and sustained 750 jobs, injected a direct ZAR133.9 million (₦6.9 billion) into the South African economy. The economy yielded a total of ZAR388.5 million (₦20 billion) in direct and indirect contributions. Fora like that offer invaluable networking opportunities.

Ask Tourism Minister Lola Ade-John and her comrade, Ms Musawa. Fresh from Davos, the latter is facing urgencies like the return of all cultural objects stolen by colonists, and facilitating the inscription of heritage sites located in Nigeria. Broadly, of the 1,199 UNESCO-declared World Heritage Sites, a mere two are in Nigeria to Ethiopia’s 11 (the country with the highest number in Africa). France has north of 50 World Heritage Sites versus 35 for West Africa. The skewed distribution raises questions about UNESCO’s processes. The fact that Nigeria and her immediate neighbours have more than 50 sites on UNESCO’s tentative list – some of which have been there for almost 30 years.

While on this, the tourism-culture family is dissimilar to its peers, as it is of interest to locals and foreigners alike. Thus the national language might not be sufficient to deliver the goods. Here’s an example: How good is an Ivorian website to most Nigerians for whom French is a foreign language? Further, since successful tourist markets are driven by regional clientele, Nigeria’s sector ought to embrace French to open up to more West and Central Africans.

So, how far has Nigeria come in the first semester of a fully-fledged ministries of tourism and that of arts and culture? First, Ms Ade-John, a corporate grandee, is well-placed as the nation’s chief marketing officer, second to President Bola Tinubu. To equate this milestone with the end of the first semester of a four-year term is too simplistic. The context is too complex. For one, the national icy cold shower, or removal of oil subsidies, has brought an ensuing economic mess. The domestic market is squeezed on all fronts. If Detty December could speak! Now nearing 30 per cent, inflation is at debilitating levels last seen in the Sani Abacha years. Without urgent effective interventions, Tinubu might just be remembered for sending the nation to the doldrums, notably on the 25th anniversary of uninterrupted civilian rule.

“Our government remains committed to broad-based and shared economic prosperity,” Tinubu told the joint session of the National Assembly in November. “We expect the economy to grow by a minimum of 3.76 per cent, above the forecasted world average. Inflation is expected to moderate to 21.4 per cent in 2024.”

Regardless of Ms Ade-John’s perfect résumé, and independent of the maelstrom, founding a tourism ministry and pushing the nation’s sector higher was bound to be hard. For one, the global industry is still trying to reverse the effect of US$2.6-trillion wiped by COVID-19. So, to blame people in the ministry for a slow pace is unfair. The team is napping though for taking this long to bring to life a cutting-edge tourism website, since consumers of tourism are online. It is de rigueur for tourism ministries to have dedicated websites to meet travelers halfway: tourism starts online for many these days.

While on this, the tourism-culture family is dissimilar to its peers, as it is of interest to locals and foreigners alike. Thus the national language might not be sufficient to deliver the goods. Here’s an example: How good is an Ivorian website to most Nigerians for whom French is a foreign language? Further, since successful tourist markets are driven by regional clientele, Nigeria’s sector ought to embrace French to open up to more West and Central Africans. Thailand, the most visited destination in Asia, offers exciting examples in terms of regional clientele and carving a niche.

In fact, Thailand, a hot favourite for medical travel, hosts more health tourists a year than Nigeria welcomes all tourists per annum. That nation’s health tourism sector is now pegged at a huge US$5.68 billion. Nigeria, a melting point of arts, culture and creative industries, has barely traded on such strengths or capitalised on its geographic location.

West Africa’s linguistic mix motivates for a Nigeria with some French, notably in the ranks of culture, hospitality and for migrations personnel. Shrugging the entitlement mentality endemic in English-speaking nations is not a political statement but a route to a larger circle. Figures from the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) expose Nigeria’s weak points: the industry accounts for 3.9 per cent of the GDP (lagging behind the global average). Arrivals are at two million a year, representing a 0.2 per cent share of the global market. Thailand boasts of 4 per cent. Lifting Nigeria-bound traffic to five million by 2027 is within reach but requires consistent moves like effective marketing to business tourists and holidaymakers – not forgetting a website (in at least two languages), improved air connectivity, and a friendlier visa regime.

If captains of tourism and arts and culture were to emulate the Super Eagles, today’s social observers might – in contrast to their predecessors who bore witness to government’s economic sabotage – reflect on the 2020s positively. Patriotism, backed by slog, brings the goods. Ms Ade-John and her team, with the support of Tinubu, ought to accelerate now.

The WTTC forecasts global arrivals at 1.8 billion by 2030 (from 1.4 billion, 2018). For Nigeria to corner 1 per cent, in the league of Egypt, would be so sweet. As sweet as when, in the 1990s, the Super Eagles turned these climes into a powerhouse. Cue Daniel Amokachi, Emmanuel Amonike, Jay Jay Okocha, Sunday Oliseh, Samson Siasia, Rasheed Yekini, Taribo West and their peers, too many to list, put the national flag first. So sweet was their sweat that East Africans – who also hail Abedi Pele Ayew, Mamadou Diallo, Doctor Khumalo, Roger Milla and a legion of others – still relish that era. Likewise, if Team Nigeria were to put Destination Nigeria first, many tourists will keep coming back for more and spread the word. This is the place to be: Great sights, good food, and a lot more. There is nothing wrong with some fanfare, a song and a dance about this country’s attractions at events like Meetings Africa and

One of the repeat visitors, and she recalls her visits with glee is Multichoice boss, Yolisa Phahle, a London-bred broadcaster and former member of Soul II Soul. In an interview with Destiny, she spoke highly of the spirit of Nigeria, adding that nothing beat “a night out on the town in either Johannesburg or Lagos”. Now, Time Out has observed that “there’s something for everyone in Lagos”, ranking the hip and creative hub among the 50 best cities in the world for 2024.

To wrap, let’s throw back to throw forward. Benin Bronzes were, like the buffalo soldiers, stolen from Africa. Some of them were sent to America (Abya Yala in precolonial times). Those objects link the now with time immemorial. Far from being figuratively chained, they deserve dignified treatment. History recalls with shame how, in the Margaret Thatcher years in the United Kingdom, scions of the Kingdom of Benin paid a fortune to Sotheby’s to reclaim their own heritage, looted by Britain amid its era of massacres. Sotheby’s should have kept away from the travesty.

In recent years, the British Museum offered to “loan back stolen goods”: a spaghetti junction of racial prejudice and theft with scorn. That site reportedly houses one the largest collections of African cultural pieces, along with Berlin’s Ethnologisches Museum and Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika (Brussels). Last week brought us another spaghetti junction of shame: Britain is loaning Ghana pieces of cultural objects stolen from Ghana. Many other overseas sites hoard loots. With the repatriation debate on hold, Africans keep traveling to Berlin, Harvard, London and Washington DC to sample their inheritance, pumping tourism forex abroad. Don’t forget Austria’s Weltmuseum Wien, Musée du quai Branly Jacques Chirac in Paris and others.

It was Ken Saro-Wiwa who moaned Nigeria for being the only oil-rich country that “had succeeded in doing absolutely nothing with (black gold).” If captains of tourism and arts and culture were to emulate the Super Eagles, today’s social observers might – in contrast to their predecessors who bore witness to government’s economic sabotage – reflect on the 2020s positively. Patriotism, backed by slog, brings the goods. Ms Ade-John and her team, with the support of Tinubu, ought to accelerate now.

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Obasanjo declares ‘political war’ on Adeola, vows to test strength in Ogun Central

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Obasanjo

By Oriyomi Olufemi B

Former Ogun State governorship aspirant and Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) candidate for Ogun Central Senatorial District, Prof. Iyabo Obasanjo, has declared what she called an “all-out political battle” against Senator Solomon Olamilekan Adeola, popularly known as Yayi, accusing the All Progressives Congress (APC) senator of “betrayal, dishonesty and lacking integrity.”

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Speaking during an interactive session with journalists in Abeokuta on Wednesday, Obasanjo said she had resolved to “show who I am” after alleging that Adeola failed to honour promises made to her following the APC governorship consensus process.

I’m on a war path to show who I am. My name and my family’s name are indelible in the history of Ogun State. For anybody to want to rubbish me, they will find out the hard way that I’m not rubbishable, she said.

Obasanjo alleged that after a reconciliation meeting, Adeola requested one week to respond to issues raised but failed to communicate. I gave him six weeks. After I resigned, he started calling me. I never picked his calls and I never will. Once you’ve broken my trust, you are dead to me, she said.

She claimed her supporters had sought three concessions during the meeting: support for her senatorial ambition in the APC, reimbursement of campaign expenses from the governorship race, and inclusion of members of her political structure in his administration.

Obasanjo said she told Adeola he did not have to grant all the requests but should simply indicate what he could accommodate.

I told him to let me know what he could do so I could explain it to my supporters. Instead, he failed to keep his word. I think he is a man that lacks integrity. He sees people as things to be used, she alleged. She further claimed the senator later attempted to win her over with money, describing the amount offered as insulting.

Obasanjo also asserted that the APC halted her governorship ambition because of the momentum her campaign had generated, adding: If I had continued, there was no way I wouldn’t have beaten Yayi.

The former senator announced the commencement of her senatorial campaign, stating she would begin consultations with PDP structures across the six local government areas of Ogun Central before wider media engagements. Moving forward, I will be doing more media engagement. I am now open to interviews,” she said.

Obasanjo anchored her confidence on her record in public office, citing interventions in mechanic villages and community infrastructure.

Politics is about making people’s lives better. If you cannot make things better for individuals and society, there is no reason to be in politics, she said.

In Ogun Central, I believe I am unbeatable. People know my brand because they have seen what I have done. My focus is on my senatorial district, and we are going to win it, she declared.

Dismissing concerns over the simultaneous conduct of presidential and National Assembly elections, she said, Our people are not stupid. They know who they want to vote for. On fears of election violence, she added: We are citizens, and we will defend our rights. No violence can stop people from voting for who they want.”

She maintained that her nomination met electoral requirements, noting that the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) had accepted her as the PDP’s Ogun Central senatorial candidate.

We met the deadline. I was within the time limit, and INEC has accepted me as the PDP candidate, she said. She vowed to beat Yayi to a pulp at the polls.

Prof. Obasanjo, daughter of former President Olusegun Obasanjo, served as Commissioner for Health in Ogun State and later represented Ogun Central in the Senate from 2007 to 2011.

Her name recognition and past performance in office remain assets in the district, particularly in Abeokuta South, Abeokuta North, Odeda, Obafemi-Owode, Ifo, and Ewekoro LGAs that make up Ogun Central.

Senator Adeola, however, is the incumbent senator for Ogun West but has been a central figure in APC politics in Ogun State, with significant grassroots machinery and backing from party structures. He won his current seat in 2023 after switching from Lagos West.

Political observers note that Obasanjo’s threat signals a potentially bruising contest in Ogun Central, where PDP retains pockets of strength despite APC’s dominance at the state level.

Her ability to mobilize her old structure, leverage legacy projects, and frame the race as a referendum on “character and trust” will test Adeola’s reach beyond Ogun West, should he seek to contest in Central.

As of press time, Senator Adeola had not publicly responded to Prof. Obasanjo’s allegations. The APC in Ogun State also has not issued a statement on the claims regarding the governorship consensus or post-consensus agreements.

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With campaigns set to intensify, Ogun Central is shaping up as a key battleground. Whether Obasanjo’s “war path” translates into electoral upset will depend on PDP cohesion, voter turnout, and the credibility of her claims among undecided voters — with investigations into party negotiations and campaign financing likely to feature in the coming weeks.

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Seven prime ministers in a decade: What Nigeria can learn from Britain’s chaos

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Prime Minister

By Dr Toju Ogbe,

The resignation of British Prime Minister Keir Starmer, less than two years after leading the Labour Party to  a landslide electoral victory, was dramatic, yet reflected a pattern we have become familiar with in recent British politics.

Also read: Abolish state of origin: A prerequisite for true national integration

Starmer now joins a procession of fallen prime ministers stretching back to 2016 – from David Cameron to Theresa May, Boris Johnson, Liz Truss, and Rishi Sunak.

None of these prime ministers was ousted through military intervention, popular insurrection, or a court order. Rather, each was ultimately brought down by the same political system that elevated them to electoral glory.

To the casual observer, the rapid turnover of British Prime Ministers in the last decade may appear chaotic, or even a symptom of political instability. Some argue that the British electorate has become ungovernable.

However, beneath the apparent chaos at Westminster lies an uncomfortable truth that African democracies would do well to examine, particularly Nigerians who wonder why our democracy has delivered so little despite almost three decades of uninterrupted civilian rule.

The turbulence of British politics over the last decade, presents an important lesson on democratic accountability beyond successful elections.

Once the prime minister is deemed a liability by their own political party, the mechanics of accountability are activated. The daggers are quietly drawn and the ruthless pressure to resign begins.

Every poll and survey on public opinion is closely monitored, local election results are taken as a referendum on leadership. Cabinet resignations begin to gain momentum and backbenchers get restless.

Once the news media smells an internal uprising, they amplify scrutiny of the prime minister, subjecting every move – speech, public appearance, political misstep etc to relentless examination.

Pressure gradually mounts until the prospect of bitter internal leadership challenge becomes impossible to resist. The Prime Minister falls.

For every British Prime Minister, winning an election is merely the beginning of examination, not the end. Political survival lasts only for as long as the prime minister maintains the confidence of his party and the parliament.

This is the muscle of British democratic accountability; a political culture that prioritises institutional survival over individual ambition. Starmer recognised this reality in his resignation speech:

“The question my party is asking now is whether I am best placed to lead us into the next general election. I have heard the answer of my parliamentary party to that question, and I accept that answer with good grace.”

That closing sentence alone is a masterclass in British institutional democracy. The party spoke. The leader listened. The correction comes from within.

 

Nigeria presents a strikingly different political logic.

Nigeria on the other hand, presents an interesting contrast with a different political logic and culture.

The notion that a governing party would overtly interrogate the performance of its own leader and engineer a transition to someone better equipped to maintain public confidence, is in most cases politically unthinkable in Nigeria.

Political parties in Nigeria do not coalesce  around ideological principles; rather, they operate more as electoral instruments organised around powerful individuals.

Internal dissent is often dealt with as betrayals rather than as part of healthy democratic engagement. Godfatherism and transactional loyalties shape political succession and leadership retention.

Once elected in Nigeria, there is an inherent assumption that a governor or president has a fixed two-term lease on power.

While 10 Downing Street is preparing to welcome its seventh Prime Minister in a decade, Nigeria, in contrast, has had only two democratically elected presidents during the same period – one of whom is still serving.

Social and economic conditions may deteriorate. Insecurity may worsen. Campaign promises may be ignored.

Public frustrations may become unbearable. Yet, incumbent governors and presidents often remain insulated from meaningful internal scrutiny and are even routinely anointed as ‘consensus’ candidate for second terms provided loyalties to godfathers, rather than the electorates are maintained.

The consequence is that loyalty, instead of performance is often rewarded at the expense of accountability.

This is not an argument for a revolving door at Aso Rock, as frequent leadership changes, by themselves, do not guarantee good governance.

Rather it is a case for making accountability an integral aspect of party politics in Nigeria.

Although the Nigerian presidential system provides for a fixed four-year term regardless of party confidence, political parties should however, be more than instruments for election campaigns, activated to simply retain or take over power every four years.

Electoral victory, should not be the ultimate goal, but the starting point of public service where democratic legitimacy must be continuously earned.

Equally important, political parties must develop the institutional maturity to honestly evaluate their own leaders. They must prioritise public interest and institutional credibility over loyalty to ‘Godfathers’.

The ultimate lesson from Westminster’s revolving door is clear: the true strength of a democratic system, lies not in the ability to produce leaders, but the capacity to effectively replace them, when they no longer command confidence.

Protecting failing leaders from accountability weakens democracy and political parties must ensure that no leader is more powerful than the institution.

Also read: Abolish state of origin: A prerequisite for true national integration

As political parties gear up for the 2027 general elections, the political class must decide what matters more: we can continue to reward blind loyalty and endure predictable decline, or discover the courage to demand accountability from those who seek to lead us.

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Chief Obafemi Awolowo and the fabric of Nigeria’s history and society

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Awolowo

By Sabella Ogbobode Abidde,

As a scholar, I have always wanted to edit or co-edit a book on the Big Ten of Nigerian nationalists, focusing on their lives, times, and generational impact from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century.

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An august list would include greats such as Aminu Kano, Herbert Macaulay, Nnamdi Azikiwe, Alvan Ikoku, Anthony Enahoro, Ahmadu Bello, Egbert Udo Udoma, Tafawa Balewa, Obafemi Awolowo, Eyo Ita, and Nnamdi Azikiwe. Two or more scholarly volumes would be ready before I bid farewell to my academic career.

But for now, this column briefly sheds light on a philosopher and mystic, who was also a political and economic giant: Chief Obafemi Awolowo.

His impact is multigenerational and wondrously woven into the fabric of Nigeria’s history, culture, and society.

Publicly available records indicate that the Nigerian nationalist movement began in the 1920s (Awolowo was born in 1909), so he had forebearers in the movement.

He later became one of the movement’s central figures, and by independence in October 1960, he had perhaps become the dominant personality shaping Nigeria’s political development and economic growth.

Awolowo was also a federalist. The first Premier of the Western region of Nigeria. The founder of the Yoruba nationalist group Egbe Omo Oduduwa.

He was the leader of the Action Group (AG), a political party and an opposition leader in the federal parliament, from 1959 to 1963.

A noted lawyer, author, journalist, and the founder and publisher of the Nigerian Tribune newspaper.

And in later years, under the first military regime, he served as the federal commissioner for finance and as vice chairman of the Federal Executive Council during the Nigerian-Biafran Civil War, 1967-1970.

Much later, Awolowo founded the Unity Party of Nigeria (UPN) and became the party’s presidential candidate in 1979 and 1983.

The consensus was that, on both occasions – especially in 1979 – the electoral body, acting at the behest of the then military regime, put its foot and thumb on the ballot-counting machines to the detriment of Awolowo.

In other words, those who voted didn’t count; the military counted and secured the votes for their preferred candidate.

Those officially sanctioned electoral irregularities, many Nigerians have asserted, partially account for why Nigeria has remained politically and economically miserable and socially chaotic in the years since.

And in the years since his passing, many of the so-called Awoists — men and women who claimed to be adherents and practitioners of his precepts — have fallen by the wayside.

They failed! By 1997, one rarely finds a school of politicians parading themselves as students of or members of the Awolowo Cathedral.

In the second decade of the twenty-first century, many politicians lack the impudence to call themselves Awoists.

The irony is that in the northern part of Nigeria, one can rarely find a pool of politicians who, today, adhere to the teachings and practices of Mallam Aminu Kano. And in the east, there are no more followers of Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe.

Many politicians, from the east to the west, from the north to the south, and from the middle belt to the south-south, have done away with ethics, morality, ideology, or remaining faithful to their political parties.

Most no longer care about party manifestos or going to the State House, National Assembly, or the Presidency with the people’s burden on their hearts or shoulders.

In public or in private, participants in the Nigerian political and economic space think nothing about integrity, posterity, nation-building, or national interest. It is mostly about self-interest now.

That is what Nigeria has become! Many of the good, effective, efficient, visionary, and purposeful Nigerians are in hiding, while the audaciously corrupt are masters of the game, leaders at various levels of governance.

And we expect to change for the better? Heck no! It is a painful three-ring circus at all three levels.

I do not for once contend that the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a lost cause, a lost experiment, a lost entity, or a forsaken project. No! It can be saved; it can be brought back from the edge of the cliff.

And I also do not for once think that Nigeria should be partitioned into three or four separate countries.

Oh, no! I believe that sustained, first-rate, courageous, and visionary leadership can turn the Nigerian ship around. It is doable. This is not a hopeless country. It is not!

Many of the institutions Awolowo built are still going strong. Many of his policies have been proven right and correct. Many of his teachings have been found to be the appropriate panaceas for Nigeria.

And many of the physical infrastructure projects he built lasted for more than four decades.

And so, imagine where Nigeria would be today on the development scale – on the same level as Taiwan, South Korea, New Zealand, China, and Australia? Or the oil-rich Middle East countries.

Not having Chief Obafemi Awolowo as the president of this federation set her back three to four decades.

Examined dispassionately, his economic and political achievements have yet to be rivaled for several decades after his premiership of the western region, and neither has his commissionership (now minister) of the finance portfolio.

He was good, he was great, and he was miles above his contemporaries in the development of their various regions and in their generational legacies.

Without Awolowo’s policies, much of southern Nigeria – especially the western region — would perhaps be one of the least developed in today’s Nigeria.

Directly and indirectly, Awolowo was the man who made it possible for millions of Nigerians and their offspring to dream of and have a better life.

He promised, he delivered; he built and encouraged others, such as Michael Adekunle Ajasin (Ondo State), Lateef Kayode Jakande (Lagos State), Bola Ige (Oyo State), and Olabisi Onabanjo (Ogun State), to be builders.

If General Yakubu Dan-Yumma Gowon was the most consequential military leader Nigeria has ever had, Chief Obafemi Jeremiah Oyeniyi Awolowo, was the single most consequential leader and public figure beginning with his premiership in 1954.

Above all else, he was a family man, a good man, a good Nigerian, and a Pan-Africanist. He was better than most and far better than we thought. That’s Awo for you, a man who’s woven into our consciousness.

Also read: Abolish state of origin: A prerequisite for true national integration

Chief Obafemi Awolowo would have been 117 this year, but he died at 78 in 1987 at his home in Ikenne, Ogun State. Chief Hannah Idowu Dideolu Awolowo, affectionally called HID, was Awolowo’s “jewel of inestimable value.” He had said of her: “I do not hesitate to confess that I owe my success in life to three factors: the Grace of God, a Spartan self-discipline, and a good wife. Our home is to all of us, a true haven; a place of happiness, and of imperturbable seclusion from the buffetings of life.” HID was born in Ikenne, in1915 and passed in 2015 in the same locality. She was 99. It was a union and a marriage that lasted for five glorious decades.

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